In the production process of plastics, polymers, additives, and processing equipment are the three main material conditions.
Thermoplastic resins use a greater variety and quantity of additives compared to thermosetting resins, which primarily require curing agents during processing, with relatively fewer other additives needed.
The amount of additives used is generally a few percent or even a few thousandths of the weight of the polymer. However, plasticizers, reinforcing agents, fillers, softeners, flame retardants, and others can be used in larger quantities, ranging from 10 to several dozen parts. Despite their small usage, additives play a significant role, capable of transforming polymers with significant performance defects or processing difficulties into valuable materials.
Due to the use of additives, many fine chemical products have gained more effective application. Therefore, additives are vividly referred to as “industrial flavor enhancers.”
Selection of Additives Based on Purpose
- Flame Retardancy: Bromine-based (conventional brominated and eco-friendly brominated), phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, nitrogen/phosphorus composite intumescent flame retardants, antimony trioxide, hydrated metal hydroxides.
- Wear Resistance: Silicone masterbatch,silicone powder,Graphite, molybdenum disulfide, copper powder, etc.
Selection of Additives Based on Product Characteristics
- Light Stabilizers (UV Stabilizers)
Light Screeners: Carbon black, zinc oxide, and certain inorganic pigments.
UV Absorbers: Salicylates, benzophenones, benzotriazoles, cyanoacrylates, triazines, etc.
Quenchers: Primarily organic chelates of nickel.
- Additives to Improve Processing Performance
These include lubricants, release agents, and softeners. Plasticizers also play a role in improving the processing properties of polymers. Lubricants improve flow and release during heating and forming, including hydrocarbons, fatty acids and their amides, esters, and metal soaps. Release agents are applied to the mold surface to facilitate easy removal of the molded part and ensure a smooth surface, often silicone oils.
- Flame Retardant Additives
“Flame retardancy” encompasses non-flammability and fire retardancy. Currently, flame retardant additives mainly refer to flame retardants. Plastics containing flame retardants burn slowly when exposed to a flame source and extinguish immediately upon removal from the flame.
Selection of Additives Based on Purpose
- Flame Retardancy: Bromine-based (conventional brominated and eco-friendly brominated), phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, nitrogen/phosphorus composite intumescent flame retardants, antimony trioxide, hydrated metal hydroxides.
- Wear Resistance: silicone masterbatch, silicone powder, Graphite, molybdenum disulfide, copper powder, etc.
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